Introduction
introduction
Tesla, or Tesla Motors as it was previously called, is an American company that specializes in manufacturing electric cars and energy systems. As for its headquarters, Tesla is located in the city of Palo Alto in the American state of California. In addition to electric cars, Tesla produces panels that generate electricity from solar energy through its subsidiary “Solar City.” Several factories and production lines are under Tesla’s ownership, the most important of which is the “Gigafactory” factory in Nevada, while its main car factory is located in Vermont. In California.
Establishment
Tesla was founded in 2003 by engineers Martin Eberhard and Mark Trappenig. One of the main motivations for its founding was General Motors withdrawing its electric cars from the market, which prompted the founders to create it under the name “Tesla Motors” in appreciation of the famous physicist Nikola Tesla. “Who was known for his contributions to the design of the alternating current system, that is, the “modern electrical current,” from which the whole world benefited. This name was chosen because the company does not specialize only in electric cars, but also in all other industries that this field entails, such as power generation panels and electric batteries.
Facts about Tesla
*Tesla logo
As for the meaning of the Tesla logo, which initially suggests to you that it is the letter “T” that was written in a distinctive way, it refers to the most important thing that the American industry has produced, which is the middle section of the electric motor, according to a statement by Tesla’s CEO on Twitter.
*Tesla removed many patent rights and made them open to everyone, in fulfillment of Tesla's vision of supporting the sustainable energy sector and advancing automotive technology in general.
*Tesla's market value exceeded one trillion dollars during October 2021; Which makes it the fifth company of this type to achieve this. Tesla developed in 2020 under the leadership of its CEO, Elon Musk, and achieved profits for the first time, which pushed its shares to take off, after concluding a deal to sell more than 10,000 of its electric cars at once to a car rental company in exchange for... A huge amount, and this was the largest order for the company's cars ever since its founding!
*Tesla cars feature a “dog mode” system, which takes care of the car’s temperature to suit the pets inside it and notifies passers-by if the pet is harmed. The high temperature inside the car causes the death of animals within just a few minutes. Tesla recently introduced this feature in its cars after global statistics showed that hundreds of dogs die every year because they are left inside vehicles.
*Like mobile phones, Tesla car systems are updated periodically
*Motors
Tesla makes two types of electric motors. The oldest design in production today is a three-phase four-pole induction motor with a copper rotor (which inspired the Tesla logo), which is used as a rear motor in the Model S and Model X
.Newer, high-efficiency permanent magnet motors are used in the Model 3, Model Y, the front motor of the 2019 and later Model S and Model X, and are expected to be used in the Semi. Permanent magnet motors increase efficiency, especially in stop-and-go driving.
*For autopilot
Autopilot is an advanced driver assistance system developed by Tesla. Tesla states that Autopilot is “designed to assist drivers in the most stressful parts of driving” in order to make Tesla vehicles “safer and more capable over time.” Tesla states that current Autopilot features (as of July 2020) require active driver supervision and do not make the car autonomous.
Starting in September 2014 all Tesla vehicles ship with sensors and software to support Autopilot initially Hardware Version 1 or "HW1". Tesla upgraded its sensors and software in October 2016 (HW2) to support full self-driving in the future. The HW2 includes eight cameras, twelve ultrasonic sensors, and a forward-facing radar. The HW2.5 was released in mid-2017 and upgraded the HW2 with a second GPU and a driver-facing camera for the Model 3 only. HW3 was released in early 2019.
In April 2019, Tesla announced that all of its cars would include Autopilot's AwareTraffic cruise control system as a standard feature going forward. Full self-driving software (Automated Park, Go on Autopilot (Beta), Automatic Lane Change (Beta), Tesla Autopilot, and Future Capabilities) is optional at an additional cost.
On April 24, 2020, Tesla released an update to the Autopilot program. Through this update, cars recognize stop signs and stop automatically. Cars also automatically slow down and eventually stop at traffic lights (even if they are green), and the driver indicates that it is safe to proceed through the light. the traffic. Tesla acknowledges that the software is still in beta testing and far from a final release.
*Fully autonomous driving
Full Self-Driving (FSD) is an upcoming optional extension to Autopilot to enable fully autonomous driving. At the end of 2016, Tesla expected to demonstrate full autonomy by the end of 2017. The first beta version of the software was released on October 22, 2020 to a small group of testers. The FSD beta release has renewed concern about whether the technology is ready for testing on public roads.
Tesla's approach to achieving complete autonomy differs from that of other companies. While Waymo, Cruise, and other companies rely on lidar, which is highly detailed 3D maps at the centimeter scale, and cameras in addition to radar and ultrasound sensors in their autonomous vehicles, Tesla's approach is to use maps and cameras. Dimensions, in addition to radar and ultrasound sensors. Tesla claims that although its approach is more difficult, it will ultimately be more beneficial, because its vehicles will be able to self-drive without concerns about geolocation. Tesla's self-driving software has been trained based on 3 billion miles driven in Tesla vehicles, as of April 2020. Regarding computing hardware, Tesla has designed a self-driving computer chip that has been installed in its cars since March 2019.
Most experts believe that Tesla's approach of trying to achieve full autonomous driving by avoiding lidar and high-resolution maps is not possible, and in a study conducted in March 2020 by Research Research, Tesla was ranked last in terms of strategy and execution in the autonomous driving sector. .
*the glass
In November 2016, the company announced the “Tesla Glass Technology Group.” The group produces roof glass for the Tesla Model 3 and for use in the roof tiles announced in October 2016. The roof tile has a built-in solar collector and is one-third lighter than a standard roof tile.
*Vehicle batteries
Tesla was the first automaker to use batteries containing thousands of small, cylindrical commodity lithium-ion cells like those used in consumer electronics. Tesla uses a version of these cells that is designed to be cheaper to manufacture and lighter than standard cells by removing some safety features; According to Tesla, these features are redundant due to the advanced thermal management system and the intumescent chemical in the battery to prevent fires.
Tesla's chassis used in the Model S and Model
The batteries are placed under the floor of the car, which saves interior and trunk space but increases the risk of damage to the battery due to debris or collision. After two car fires in 2013 caused by road debris, the Model S was updated with a multi-part aluminum and titanium protection system to reduce the possibility of Damage occurs.
In 2016, former Tesla CTO Jeffrey Brian Straubel predicted that batteries would last 10 to 15 years, discounting electric cars' use of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging because the associated battery erosion outweighs the economic benefits. He also favors recycling over reuse for the grid once vehicles reach the end of their useful life, and as of April 2019 Tesla has filed paperwork for vehicle recycling and battery testing using its own facility in Giga Nevada.
Starting in 2016, Tesla established a 5-year battery research and development partnership at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, Canada, including principal investigator Jeff Dunn. Tesla acquired two battery companies in 2019: Hepar Systems and Maxwell Technologies, and all three are expected to play an important role in Tesla's battery strategy.
Panasonic is the sole cell supplier in the United States and partners with Tesla to produce 2,170 batteries at Giga-Nevada. As of August 2020, Panasonic produces 35 GWh per year from 2,170 batteries at Giga-Nevada. Tesla battery cells are supplied in China by Panasonic and CATL, and are the more traditional prismatic cells used by other automakers.
Some analysts believe Tesla gained $42 ($158 vs. $200) per kilowatt-hour advantage over other auto battery manufacturers in 2019 due to its advanced engineering and manufacturing volume of GigaNevada batteries.
*Next generation batteries
During the “Tesla Battery Day” event on September 22, 2020, Tesla announced the next generation of its batteries, which features a tabless battery design that will increase the range and reduce the price of Tesla cars. The new battery is called “4680” in reference to its dimensions, 46 millimeters long ( 1.8 inches) and 80 millimeters (3.1 inches) wide.
Musk announced plans to manufacture 4,680 batteries at Tesla's Fremont factory, and Tesla expects to produce 10 gigawatt-hours of the 4,680 batteries annually in about a year, 100 gigawatt-hours by 2023 and 3,000 gigawatt-hours by 2030.
Tesla expects the new batteries to be 56% cheaper and allow cars to increase travel distances by 54%. This can be achieved through a more efficient production process, new battery design, cheaper anode and cathode resources, and better integration into the vehicle.
Bloomberg estimates the price of Tesla's battery pack (not the cell) in 2019 at $128 per kilowatt-hour, which means a price of $56 per kilowatt-hour in 3 years, if Tesla can achieve its goals. Many analysts believe that a battery pack price of $100 per kilowatt-hour is the point at which the purchase price of electric cars is likely to be lower than gasoline-powered cars, which will be a significant milestone.
The most important car models produced by Tesla
Tesla Model S
The Tesla Model S is a five-door sedan. Deliveries began on June 22, 2012. The Model S was the best-selling electric car worldwide for 2015 and 2016, with an estimated 50,931 units sold in 2015. 2016. As of September 2018, it was listed as the world's second best-selling electric car in history after the Nissan Leaf, with global sales of 250,000 units.
*Norway is the largest European market for the Model S due to the country's incentives to adopt pure electric vehicles.
The Tesla Model S became the first electric car to top the monthly sales chart in any country when it achieved first place on the Norwegian new car sales list in September 2013.
*The Model S won several awards, the most important of which are the “Best Car of the Year” award for 2019 from Motor Trend, the “Car of the Year Award” in 2013 from Motor Trend, the “World Green Car” award for 2013, and the “Car of the Year 2013” award. From Auto Mobile magazine and the 25 best inventions of 2012 from Time magazine.
*In June 2020, Tesla announced that the Model S Long Range Plus has an EPA range of 402 miles (647 km), the highest of any battery electric car.
*This electric model from Tesla has a driving range of up to 405 miles, with an acceleration rate from zero to 60 miles per hour in 3.1 seconds.
Tesla Cybertruck
*Cybertruck was unveiled on November 21, 2019, and production is scheduled for late 2021. On September 22, 2020, Musk revealed nearly 600,000 pre-orders for Cybertruck.
*Many online critics have mocked the truck's angular design, and Australian Motor Safety Association chief executive James Goodwin says the Cybertruck's angular design and steel construction could pose a safety risk. The Cybertruck prototype lacked features such as side mirrors, windshield wipers, headlights and brake lights needed to be street legal. Musk announced that he will unveil a redesign of the e-truck around December 2020.
*At Tesla's 2020 Battery Day event, Musk announced that the Tesla Cyber Quad, an all-terrain electric SUV originally unveiled in 2019, would be an optional accessory for Cybertruck buyers in 2021.
This electric model from Tesla has a driving range of up to 340 miles, with an acceleration rate from zero to 60 miles per hour in 4.1 seconds.
Tesla Model 3
*The Tesla Model 3 is a four-door fastback sedan. Tesla unveiled the Model 3 on March 31, 2016. Prospective customers began booking spots on March 31 with a refundable deposit. One week after the reveal, Tesla reported that reservations had reached More than 325,000, and Bloomberg News claimed that “the unveiling of the Model 3 was unique in the 100-year history of the mass auto market.”
*The first production Tesla Model 3 was ready for delivery on July 28, 2017, and by early 2019, the Tesla Model 3 had become the world's best-selling electric vehicle of all time.
Limited production of the cars began in July 2017, and in June 2018 production reached 5,000 vehicles per week, and global deliveries exceeded 100,000 units in October 2018. The Tesla Model 3 was ranked as the best-selling electric car in the world in 2018, with 146,000 delivered. lonliness.
*In January 2019, the Model 3 passed the Model S to become the best-selling plug-in electric vehicle of all time in the United States, and the following month it also passed the Chevrolet Volt to become the best-selling plug-in electric vehicle of all time in the United States. On February 28, 2019, Tesla announced that it would begin The base model of the Standard range was introduced starting at $35,000.
*The Tesla Model 3 ended 2019 as the best-selling electric car in the world for the second year in a row, with just over 300,000 units delivered, and the model set records in Norway and the Netherlands, where it was listed in both countries as the best-selling passenger car model on the market in 2019. 2019, and the best-selling plug-in car, the Model 3 surpassed the Nissan Leaf in early 2020 to become the world's best-selling electric car ever, with more than 500,000 sold by March 2020.
*As of April 2020, the Tesla Model 3 has four models: standard Range Plus rear-wheel drive, dual-motor long-range AWD, Performance, and the $35,000 off-the-range standard Range Plus.
Tesla Model X
*The model X is a mid-sized crossover, and its deliveries began in September 2015, when it was offered in five-passenger, six-passenger, and seven-passenger configurations. The passenger doors reflect “falcon wing” designs that open vertically.
*In September 2016, the model X was classified in Norway as “the best-selling electric car.” Previously, the Model S was the best-selling new car four times. Total cumulative sales since inception reached 106,689 units until September 2018. The United States is its main market, where 57,327 were sold. Unit during September 2018.
*The Tesla Model Y is a compact utility vehicle built on a platform that shares many components with the Model 3. It has three rows of seating for seven people and 66 ft3 (2 m3) of cargo space with both rows folded. The second and third, and their range reaches 300 miles (480 km).
*The Model Y was unveiled on March 14, 2019, and as of January 2020 is manufactured at the Tesla Factory in Fremont, California. Deliveries of the Model Y began on March 13, 2020, and construction of the Model Y is planned at Giga Shanghai in late 2020, and at Giga Berlin, which has not yet been built.
Tesla Model Roadster
*In a surprise reveal at the end of the event held on November 16, 2017, Tesla revealed the 2020 Roadster, and Musk said that the new model will have a range of 620 miles (1,000 km) on 200 kilowatt-hours (720 megajoules) and will reach a speed of 0-60 mph. clock in 1.9 seconds, and it will also achieve 100 miles in 4.2 seconds, and its maximum speed will exceed 250 mph (400 km/h), and the car will contain three electric motors that allow four-wheel drive, torque vectoring during turns, and a SpaceX package that will include air thrusters. cold, which will increase the speed more,
*The base price has been set at $200,000, while the first 1,000 “Founder Series” units will sell for $250,000. Reservations required a deposit of $50,000 and a payment of $250,000 for the “Founder Series.” Those who booked the event were allowed to take a test drive with a chauffeur in the prototype.
*The Tesla Semi is a fully electric Class 8 semi-trailer truck that was first mentioned in the 2016 Tesla Master plan, and was officially announced in November 2017, where Musk confirmed that two different types would be available: the first One has a range of 300 miles (480 km) and the other has a range of 500 miles (800 km). The “Semi system” will be powered by four electric motors, as in the Tesla Model 3, and will include a wide range of sensors to enable it to stay in its own lane, keep it at a safe distance from other vehicles, and provide autonomous driving on highways. Musk also announced that the company will participate in the installation of a global solar-powered Tesla Megacharger network to make it more attractive to potential customers in the long term, and a 30-minute charge will provide the ability to drive 400 miles (640 km).
*Initially, Musk said that Semi deliveries would begin in 2019 and that the company would sell 100,000 trucks per year, but deliveries were later delayed until 2021. Part of the reason for this delay, according to Musk, is that the Semi contains five times more battery cells, and that Battery supply is not yet sufficient for Tesla and Semi cars.
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